// Fig. 23.11: SynchronizedBuffer.java
// SynchronizedBuffer synchronizes access to a single shared integer.
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;

public class SynchronizedBuffer implements Buffer
{
   // Lock to control synchronization with this buffer   
   private Lock accessLock = new ReentrantLock();

   // conditions to control reading and writing
   private Condition canWrite = accessLock.newCondition();
   private Condition canRead = accessLock.newCondition();

   private int buffer = -1; // shared by producer and consumer threads
   private boolean occupied = false; // whether buffer is occupied
   
   // place int value into buffer
   public void set( int value )
   {
      accessLock.lock(); // lock this object
               
      // output thread information and buffer information, then wait
      try
      {
         // while buffer is not empty, place thread in waiting state
         while ( occupied ) 
         {
            System.out.println( "Producer tries to write." );
            displayState( "Buffer full. Producer waits." );
            canWrite.await();// wait until buffer is empty
         } // end while

         buffer = value; // set new buffer value

         // indicate producer cannot store another value
         // until consumer retrieves current buffer value
         occupied = true;
        
         displayState( "Producer writes " + buffer );

         // signal thread waiting to read from buffer
         canRead.signal(); 
      } // end try
      catch ( InterruptedException exception )
      {
         exception.printStackTrace();
      } // end catch
      finally
      {
         accessLock.unlock(); // unlock this object
      } // end finally
   } // end method set
    
   // return value from buffer
   public int get()
   {
      int readValue = 0; // initialize value read from buffer
      accessLock.lock(); // lock this object

      // output thread information and buffer information, then wait
      try
      {
         // while no data to read, place thread in waiting state
         while ( !occupied ) 
         {
            System.out.println( "Consumer tries to read." );
            displayState( "Buffer empty. Consumer waits." );
            canRead.await(); // wait until buffer is full
         } // end while

         // indicate that producer can store another value 
         // because consumer just retrieved buffer value
         occupied = false;

         readValue = buffer; // retrieve value from buffer
         displayState( "Consumer reads " + readValue );

         // signal thread waiting for buffer to be empty
         canWrite.signal();
      } // end try
      // if waiting thread interrupted, print stack trace
      catch ( InterruptedException exception ) 
      {
         exception.printStackTrace();
      } // end catch
      finally
      {
         accessLock.unlock(); // unlock this object
      } // end finally

      return readValue;
   } // end method get
    
   // display current operation and buffer state
   public void displayState( String operation )
   {
      System.out.printf( "%-40s%d\t\t%b\n\n", operation, buffer, 
         occupied );
   } // end method displayState
} // end class SynchronizedBuffer


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